ED/B/7202 Psychology of Tvet

Case study - Module 2

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

FELIX OMONDI ODHIAMBO

2024HA160564

CASE STUDY MODULE 2

JOHN is an 18-year-old boy in his first year at the university. He is bright, but has been

struggling in school since he was a young child. He has difficulty with reading, writing, and

math. He also has difficulty paying attention and staying on task. John was assessed by school

psychologist in high school. The assessment results showed that he has a learning disability in

the areas of reading and math. He also has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). John

is still struggling with his learning disabilities, even at the university. He is, however determined

to succeed and is receiving accommodations in college, such as extended time on tests and

permission to use a computer in class. He is also meeting with a counsellor to develop strategies

for managing his ADHD. Question: Name factors that may influence the development of John’s

memory? Several factors can influence the development of John’s memory, particularly in the

context of his learning disabilities and ADHD. These factors include:

1. Attention and Focus

• Impact of ADHD: Attention is vital for forming memories. John's ADHD makes

it challenging for him to maintain focus, which can hinder how effectively he

encodes information. Fluctuating attention may result in incomplete memory

formation, making recall more difficult.

• Potential Strategies: Implementing techniques to enhance concentration, such as

using fidget tools or dividing tasks into manageable segments, may improve

John's focus and help with memory retention.

2. Learning Disabilities (Reading and Math)

• Challenges with Encoding: John's learning disabilities in reading and math may

impede his ability to encode context related to these subjects. Difficulty in reading

can hinder effective processing of written content, which may ultimately affect

the retention of academic knowledge.

• Supportive Tools: Utilizing assistive technologies like text-to-speech software or

visual aids could facilitate John's comprehension and information retention.

3. Memory Strategies and Study Techniques: Implementing effective study methods is

crucial for memory enhancement. Regular review sessions, mnemonic devices, or

engaging in active learning can support John's ability to remember information more

effectively.

4. Stress Levels

• Role of Stress: High levels of stress can release hormones that disrupt memory

storage and retrieval processes. This can make it harder for John to remember

academic material.

• Stress Management Techniques: Incorporating relaxation methods, physical

exercise, or mindfulness practices might help John alleviate stress and enhance his

cognitive functions, including memory.

5. Sleep and Nutrition

• Importance of Sleep: Quality sleep is necessary for the brain to consolidate

memories. Insufficient sleep could negatively impact John's capacity to learn and

remember.

• Nutritional Support: A well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients may

improve cognitive performance. Specific nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids

and antioxidants, can support better brain health and memory retention.

6. Motivation and Emotional Factors

• Intrinsic Drive: John's desire to excel in his studies is a crucial motivational

factor. Higher motivation typically leads to improved memory since individuals

tend to retain information that they find significant or engaging. His determination

may encourage him to adopt effective learning strategies and seek assistance

when necessary.

• Emotional Support: Support from friends, family, or mentors can help mitigate

feelings of frustration. Positive encouragement and acknowledgment of his efforts

may enhance John's confidence, which is beneficial for memory development.

7. Environmental Conditions

• Classroom Setting: A structured and low-distraction environment could facilitate

better concentration for John, leading to improved memory retention. An

accommodating learning space with organized resources may assist him in

processing and remembering information more effectively.

• Social Learning Opportunities: Engaging with peers and instructors through

discussions and collaborative projects can reinforce memory by allowing John to

explore concepts more deeply and solidify his understanding. These factors

collectively influence how John processes, retains, and recalls information,

highlighting the need for a supportive environment and tailored strategies to

optimize his learning experience.