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Case study - Module 2
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
FELIX OMONDI ODHIAMBO
2024HA160564
CASE STUDY MODULE 2
JOHN is an 18-year-old boy in his first year at the university. He is bright, but has been
struggling in school since he was a young child. He has difficulty with reading, writing, and
math. He also has difficulty paying attention and staying on task. John was assessed by school
psychologist in high school. The assessment results showed that he has a learning disability in
the areas of reading and math. He also has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). John
is still struggling with his learning disabilities, even at the university. He is, however determined
to succeed and is receiving accommodations in college, such as extended time on tests and
permission to use a computer in class. He is also meeting with a counsellor to develop strategies
for managing his ADHD. Question: Name factors that may influence the development of John’s
memory? Several factors can influence the development of John’s memory, particularly in the
context of his learning disabilities and ADHD. These factors include:
1. Attention and Focus
• Impact of ADHD: Attention is vital for forming memories. John's ADHD makes
it challenging for him to maintain focus, which can hinder how effectively he
encodes information. Fluctuating attention may result in incomplete memory
formation, making recall more difficult.
• Potential Strategies: Implementing techniques to enhance concentration, such as
using fidget tools or dividing tasks into manageable segments, may improve
John's focus and help with memory retention.
2. Learning Disabilities (Reading and Math)
• Challenges with Encoding: John's learning disabilities in reading and math may
impede his ability to encode context related to these subjects. Difficulty in reading
can hinder effective processing of written content, which may ultimately affect
the retention of academic knowledge.
• Supportive Tools: Utilizing assistive technologies like text-to-speech software or
visual aids could facilitate John's comprehension and information retention.
3. Memory Strategies and Study Techniques: Implementing effective study methods is
crucial for memory enhancement. Regular review sessions, mnemonic devices, or
engaging in active learning can support John's ability to remember information more
effectively.
4. Stress Levels
• Role of Stress: High levels of stress can release hormones that disrupt memory
storage and retrieval processes. This can make it harder for John to remember
academic material.
• Stress Management Techniques: Incorporating relaxation methods, physical
exercise, or mindfulness practices might help John alleviate stress and enhance his
cognitive functions, including memory.
5. Sleep and Nutrition
• Importance of Sleep: Quality sleep is necessary for the brain to consolidate
memories. Insufficient sleep could negatively impact John's capacity to learn and
remember.
• Nutritional Support: A well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients may
improve cognitive performance. Specific nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids
and antioxidants, can support better brain health and memory retention.
6. Motivation and Emotional Factors
• Intrinsic Drive: John's desire to excel in his studies is a crucial motivational
factor. Higher motivation typically leads to improved memory since individuals
tend to retain information that they find significant or engaging. His determination
may encourage him to adopt effective learning strategies and seek assistance
when necessary.
• Emotional Support: Support from friends, family, or mentors can help mitigate
feelings of frustration. Positive encouragement and acknowledgment of his efforts
may enhance John's confidence, which is beneficial for memory development.
7. Environmental Conditions
• Classroom Setting: A structured and low-distraction environment could facilitate
better concentration for John, leading to improved memory retention. An
accommodating learning space with organized resources may assist him in
processing and remembering information more effectively.
• Social Learning Opportunities: Engaging with peers and instructors through
discussions and collaborative projects can reinforce memory by allowing John to
explore concepts more deeply and solidify his understanding. These factors
collectively influence how John processes, retains, and recalls information,
highlighting the need for a supportive environment and tailored strategies to
optimize his learning experience.